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TDA9178

YUV one chip picture improvement based on luminance vector-, colour vector- and spectral processor

Philips Electronics 

Philips Semiconductors

YUV one chip picture improvement based on luminance

vector-, colour vector- and spectral processor

Preliminary specification

TDA9178

The maximum and minimum gain of each segment is

limited. Apart from the adaptive white-point stretching the

black and white references are not affected by the

non-linear processing. The amount of non-linearity can be

controlled by the I2C-bus non-linearity DAC:

bits NL5 to NL0.

VARIABLE GAMMA

On top of the histogram conversion a variable gamma

function is applied for an alternative brightness control, or

for factory adjustment. It is intended as an alternative for

the DC-offset of the classic brightness user control.

It maintains the black and white references. The gamma

ranges from 0.5 to 1.5. The gamma can be set by the

I2C-bus variable gamma DAC: bits VG5 to VG0.

CUE FLASH

In the present TV environment there is a lot of measured

information like ambient light and noise. This information

can be used to make an update of settings of the several

algorithms after a picture has changed. The cue flash

signal detects when a picture changes significantly. When

the picture content has changed, the I2C-bus bit CF is set

to logic 1 in the status register. After reading the status

register, bit CF is reset to logic 0. On the output pin CF the

cue flash information is present (active LOW) for only one

line in the vertical retrace part. This pin is configured as an

open drain output and therefore should be pulled up to the

5 V supply.

Spectral processor

In the spectral processor the luminance transfer is

controlled by smart peaking, colour dependent sharpness

and luminance transient improvement, defined by the

sharpness improvement processor. The colour transfer is

controlled by a colour transient improvement circuit; an

additional output is available to provide a SCAVEM circuit.

ADJUSTABLE CHROMINANCE DELAY

The colour vector processor drives a delay line for

correcting delay errors between the luminance input signal

and the chrominance input signals (U and V).

The chrominance delay can be adjusted in 6 steps of

12 ns (1fH) or 6 ns (2fH) by the I2C-bus bits CD2 to CD0.

It comprises three main processing units: the step

improvement processor, the contour processor and the

smart sharpness controller.

Transient improvement processor

The step improvement processor (see Fig.11) comprises

two main functions:

• MINMAX generator

• MINMAX fader.

The MINMAX generator utilizes all taps of an embedded

luminance delay line to calculate the minimum and

maximum envelope of all signals momentarily stored in the

delay line. The MINMAX fader chooses between the

minimum and maximum envelopes, depending on the

polarity of a decision signal derived from the contour

processor. Figures 12, 13 and 14 show some waveforms

of the step improvement processor and illustrate that fast

transients result with this algorithm. The MINMAX

generator also outputs a signal that represents the

momentary envelope of the luminance input signal.

This envelope information is used by the smart sharpness

controller.

Line width control (also called aperture control) can be

performed by I2C-bus line width DAC: bits LW5 to LW0.

This control can be used to compensate for horizontal

geometry errors caused by the gamma, for blooming of the

spot of the CRT, or for compensating SCAVEM.

Contour processor

The contour processor comprises two contour generators

with different frequency characteristics. The contour

generator generates a second-order derivative of the

incoming luminance signal which is supplied to the smart

sharpness controller. In the smart sharpness controller,

this signal is added to the properly delayed original

luminance input signal, making up the peaking signal for

detail enhancement. The peaking path features a low

peaking frequency of 2 MHz (at 1fH), or a high peaking

frequency of 3 MHz (at 1fH), selectable by I2C-bus

bit CFS.

The contour generators utilize three taps of the embedded

luminance delay line. Figure 15 illustrates the normalized

frequency transfer of the filter.

SHARPNESS IMPROVEMENT PROCESSOR

The sharpness improvement processor increases the

slope of large luminance transients of vertical objects and

enhances transients of details in natural scenes by contour

correction.

1999 Sep 24

7

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