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W216

Spread Spectrum FTG for 440BX and VIA Apollo Pro-133

Cypress Semiconductor 

PRELIMINARY

W216

Spread Spectrum Frequency Timing Generator

The device generates a clock that is frequency modulated in

order to increase the bandwidth that it occupies. By increasing

the bandwidth of the fundamental and its harmonics, the am-

plitudes of the radiated electromagnetic emissions are re-

duced. This effect is depicted in Figure 3.

As shown in Figure 3, a harmonic of a modulated clock has a

much lower amplitude than that of an unmodulated signal. The

reduction in amplitude is dependent on the harmonic number

and the frequency deviation or spread. The equation for the

reduction is

dB = 6.5 + 9*log10(P) + 9*log10(F)

Where P is the percentage of deviation and F is the frequency

in MHz where the reduction is measured.

The output clock is modulated with a waveform depicted in

Figure 4. This waveform, as discussed in “Spread Spectrum

Clock Generation for the Reduction of Radiated Emissions” by

Bush, Fessler, and Hardin produces the maximum reduction

in the amplitude of radiated electromagnetic emissions. The

deviation selected for this chip is specified in Table 6. Figure 4

details the Cypress spreading pattern. Cypress does offer op-

tions with more spread and greater EMI reduction. Contact

your local Sales representative for details on these devices.

Spread Spectrum clocking is activated or deactivated by se-

lecting the appropriate values for bits 1–0 in data byte 0 of the

I2C data stream. Refer to Table 7 for more details.

EMI Reduction

Spread

Spectrum

Enabled

Non-

Spread

Spectrum

Figure 3. Clock Harmonic with and without SSCG Modulation Frequency Domain Representation

MAX

MIN

Figure 4. Typical Modulation Profile

4

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